A Bookish Love Story

A Bookish Love Story When I was twenty-one, I graduated from college, got my first full-time job, moved into my first apartment, and broke off an engagement with my college boyfriend. You need to date again, my friend (who was getting married that summer) told me. I need to find myself, I had replied. It was something my twenty-one-year-old self would have said. Also, I was not in the dating mood. Two years went by, during which time I received another proposal from a complete stranger as I walked to work. I also fended off a request from a computer contractor at my job who asked me to meet him at the park at 5:30am so we can watch the spring solstice together.” If you’re hoping for a story about me finding my great love at a deserted New York City park at 5:30 in the morning, this is not that story. Next was a request for a date from a friend of my neighbor who had just gotten into a motorcycle accident. Later, a guy I met at a swing dancing event, who weeks later presented me with a five-page essay on his past, which included a recap of when he lived in (the shady part of) Las Vegas. This was followed by an insulting proposition from my college friend who said that if neither one of us were married by age thirty then we should just give up on love and marry each other. Six years before the clock ran out on turning thirty, I met Dan. He had a big smile and an ever bigger laugh. I liked him, agreed to go on a date with him, then immediately got cold feet. Why did I agree to go out with this guy? He might be one of those people who mansplains politics! Or has questionable grooming habits! And â€" the most egregious defect of all what if he doesn’t read? Never fear, I told my heart. I know the perfect way to sabotage this relationship. At our first “get together” (I refused to label it a date), I asked him if he wanted to read a book together. Sure, he replied, with not one bit of sarcasm. Uh huh, I replied. The next day I gave him a 1,344 page copy of The Power Broker, a biography of Robert Moses  by Robert Caro. I had carefully attacked the book with an X-acto knife the previous evening, slicing it into five sections to make it easier to share and carry along on subway commutes. I already read the first section, I informed him. Now its your turn. Dan blinked, then slid the massacred book into his bag. Great! he had said. Well see, I thought ominously. Bet hes a non-reader. The next week, Dan and I met up for dinner after work. Another “get together;” not a date! Ready to talk about the first section? Dan had asked. I sipped my water. What first section? I replied. The Power Broker. Have you finished the second section yet? I need to know what he did to Jones Beach. Huh. He did read it. And he wanted to read more. So I gave him the second section as I went on to the third section, and I started making notes in the margins for him. It wasn’t particularly life changing commentary, but it  invited connection and relationship, something I had avoided for the previous  four years. We got through the whole book in a month. Nearly a year later, we went to Jones Beach to see Robert Moses handiwork in action. On the night before our trip, Dan proposed. Eleven years later, we still read books together. We made it through the first four Lyndon Johnson biographies by our trusty matchmaker Robert Caro. We fought over who got to read the Harry Potter books first when they came out (I won). Weve reread The Lord of the Rings  and mocked the movies. We havent cut up another book that lost its magic after The Power Broker   but we still read in bed together almost every night before going to sleep. We celebrated another  anniversary this month, on a blisteringly hot day in New York City. Much has happened in our eleven years of marriage. Heartbreak and joy, mundane moments and memorable ones. And through it all â€" books. And in this new year of marriage, we continue this love story, one book at a time.

Poaching of Endangered Species - 2264 Words

Poaching of Endangered Species â€Å"The main reason for animals endangered is the uncontrolled human activity.† This quote was stated on a website called Animal Port. There are many reasons why this statement is true, one of them are poaching. Poaching occurs out of greed to make money. Although there are several laws to protect certain animals, this is a horrible act to any animal. Especially for the animals that are already endangered. Poachers minimizing these animal’s numbers for their own pleasure is not good. People who are against poaching should do what they can to stop this act from escalating, or there will not be any balance on this world. Animals are being killed every day from illegal hunting or capturing, that is†¦show more content†¦Not only people kill animals for money, but for â€Å"cures† as well, superstition stuff. People will crush down tiger bones and use it to strengthened muscles. Another superstition is that they use the tiger’s penis to make males manlier. There are laws to protect these animals and try to stop poaching, some laws are more stricter than others and we should enforce all laws against poaching to be equal in punishment and protection on every endangered specie. The Endangered Species Act is one of them. The purpose of this act is to protect and recover imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend. The reason why the act came into place is because certain animal populations were being lowered every year and the government were concerned that theses animals were becoming extinct, the main reason is poaching. Once an animal is on the endangered list, they have special protection from the government for them. From the website, Defenders of Wildlife, they stated this â€Å"The Endangered Species Act provides added benefits to people by maintaining healthy natural systems that provide us with clean air and water, food, medicines and other products that we all need to live healthy lives. We owe it to our chil dren and grandchildren to be good stewards of the environment and leave behind a legacy of protecting endangered species and the special places they call home.† This quote is a perfect example of how we shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Poaching And How It Affects Endangered Animals868 Words   |  4 PagesKevin Hoff Outline Topic: Poaching endangered species General Purpose: To persuade the audience the impact of poaching and how it affects endangered animals. Specific Goal/ Purpose: To highlight the impact poaching has to species. Central Idea or Thesis Statement: The impact big game hunting has on species especially those whom are endangered and there’s a difference between legal and illegal hunting. IntroductionRead MoreA Brief Note On Endangered Species Research Paper1527 Words   |  7 Pagesarah Bader March 22nd, 2016 Endangered Species Research Paper Period: 2 Hasn’t the world lost enough? Animals are harmed by letting nature take its course, meaning climate changes, deforestation, etc. Human poaching is a major contributor also. â€Å"Extinctions have occurred throughout our planet’s natural history. Some species develop as others die out, making space in the ecosystem for those best suited to any given habitat’s natural conditions. Long before human beings arrived, fossil records showRead MoreTaking a Look at Poaching796 Words   |  3 Pages Poaching Poaching is the illegal hunting of any protected animal for personal gain. Poaching has been acknowledged for over one thousand years. Originally they were raiders that attacked livestock for survival. Modern poachers are well equipped and hunt to sell their body parts for large sums of money from international collectors. The poachers themselves are often very poor and work in gangs. OneGreenPlanet writes, â€Å"The Sumatran Tiger is a critically endangered species right now. It is poachedRead MorePoaching Problem1738 Words   |  7 PagesDid you know that poaching has led to most animal extinctions this century? Poaching is a continuously growing problem that will cause many problems to the environment and people. Poaching can be defined as the illegal hunting of animals on land that is not the hunters own. Poaching does not only happen in unprotected lands such as the wilderness, but it has also happened in protected lands such as zoos. Animals may soon become extinct because o f the high rate of killing the poachers are doing. IfRead MoreEndangered Species Research Paper : Animals Are Harmed By Letting Nature1622 Words   |  7 PagesSarah Bader March 22nd, 2016 Endangered Species Research Paper Period: 2 Haven’t we lost enough? Animals are harmed by letting nature take its course, but human poaching is a major contributor. â€Å"Extinctions have occurred throughout our planet’s natural history. Some species develop as others die out, making space in the ecosystem for those best suited to any given habitat’s natural conditions. Long before human beings arrived, fossil records show that populations of animals evolved, thrived, declinedRead MoreThe Conservation Of The Sumatran Elephant1518 Words   |  7 Pages Shockingly, there is one elephant species that is critically endangered, four that are endangered, and three that are vulnerable. I will be focusing on the Sumatran Elephant, but it is important to point out that numerous species of elephants are endangered. The elephant is not the only species threatened, as according to an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) study, the number of species that have been threatened has doubled in the past fourteen years. This includes one in eightRead MoreSumatran Species981 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussions and Findings Conservation Status of Sumatran Species Sumatran orangutans. Sumatran orangutans are classified as critically endangered by both the WWF (2017a, para. 1) and on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Singleton, Wich, Nowak Usher, 2016, p.1). Previously published Red list reports indicate that the Sumatran orangutans have been classified as critically endangered since 2000 (Singleton et al., 2016, p.2). Both the WWF (2017a, para. 1) and Singleton et al. (2016, p. 4) suggestRead MoreEffects Of Wildlife Conservation On Wildlife1157 Words   |  5 Pageswith the animals that are around us. Due to the population boom of humans, we are at a constant clash between the natural world and the human world. When the habitats of these animals are under severe pressure and a large number of species of wild fauna have become endangered, the significance of wildlife conservation becomes urgent. The increase in human populations has had a negative effect on the wildlife population. Studies have shown that with an increase of human popu lation, there has been a steadyRead MoreInternational Union For Conservation Of Nature1488 Words   |  6 Pagesall animals are getting to the brink of extinction or are either being tagged as an endangered species by the IUCN Red List. The IUCN â€Å"International Union for Conservation of Nature† Red List is a list of millions of species and subspecies from all over the world that are currently losing its population due to poaching. This is a powerful tool that helps push the government to protect any threatened animal species, like the African Elephant, and most of the plant and animal wildlife worldwide. BlancRead More Illegal Killing and Trafficking of Black Bears Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesand Trafficking of Black Bears The illegal killing and trafficking of animal parts has long been a global concern. With trading at an estimated 6 billion dollars annually, poaching has become the world’s second most profitable crime activity behind illegal drug trade. In its prevalence, poaching has driven many species to the point of extinction. Animals around the world are killed each day for their body parts. In Africa, elephant tusks are a valuable source of ivory used in jewelry. Moreover

Implementation Of Software Development Agreement - 1378 Words

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT THIS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT (the â€Å"Agreement†) dated this 22nd day of October 2015 BETWEEN: QuizMed Ltd (The ‘‘customer’’) -AND- Mint Digital (The ‘‘service provider’’) BACKGROUND: A. QuizMed is of the understanding that Mint Digital has the required qualifications, experience, and abilities to provide the services mentioned below to the customer. B. Mint Digital has agreed to provide such services on the terms and conditions set out in this agreement. DEFINED TERMS: Agreement: the contract for the services defined below. Confidential Information: any information (whether or not it was stated as confidential) disclosed by both parties, orally or written. Deliverables: includes all plans, documents,†¦show more content†¦TERM OF AGREEMENT: 1. The term of this Agreement (the term) will begin on the effective date of this Agreement and will remain in full force and effective for 9 months, subject to earlier termination as provided in this Agreement. The term of this Agreement may be protracted by written agreements of both parties. 2. In the event that either party wishes to terminate this Agreement, that party is obligatory to provide 30 days’ notice in writing to the other party. 3. If a party is in breach of any material obligation contained in this Agreement, the other party has the right to terminate the contract within 30 days; this has to be in writing. 4. Any termination of this Agreement (howsoever occasioned) shall not affect any accrued rights or liabilities of either Party. PRICE: 5. By way of consideration for the service provided by Mint Digital, the price for the provision the QuizMed iOS logo and the QuizMed app is  £40,000 (Price) will be paid by QuizMed in accordance to the payment agreement. 6. QuizMed shall not pay for Mint Digital’s out-of-pocket expenses. PAYMENT: 7. QuizMed agrees to make the first payments of  £10,000 (including VAT) to Mint Digital according to the order set out in the time table of deliverables and an additional  £30,000(including VAT) one year after the contract is signed. 8. Mint Digital shall send receipts for all the payments made. INTERLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: 9. Mint Digital

Two World Wars A Journey of Borden’s Fiction Free Essays

Introduction The topic of Word War I literature and World War II literature is one that is extensively covered and researched by contemporary critics and scholars. However, the focus tends to be on literature of either one or the other war and not typically on any links between the two. The research that exists is largely centred on either gender or class in the literature, not about how a particular gender writes about a specific class. We will write a custom essay sample on Two World Wars A Journey of Borden’s Fiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, a dissertation on Mary Borden’s focus on aristocracy in the two world wars will help fill a gap in research on war literature. 1.1 Research Objective Mary Borden lived through and wrote extensively on both wars and this dissertation will establish and illustrate the evolution of Borden’s war consciousness and philosophies surrounding warfare and its impact on society. Borden’s narrative focus began as intensely personal and situated in the aristocratic world, which was familiar to her, but evolved between wars and had opened up and shifted in a more political direction by the end of World War II. In order to prove this and explore how the wars affected Borden’s writing, the dissertation will strive to answer the following questions: To what extent did Borden’s novels reflect the events of the two war eras How did Mary Borden valuate the aristocracy and why In what way was her opinion of the aristocracy influenced by the wars and her contemporary era as a whole What kinds of themes are adopted in the novels depending on whether they are pre-, during or post-war period and how much do they differ To what extent do Borden’s themes reflect the transitions in society and the changing roles of men and women that resulted from the two wars 1.2. Proposed Structure The proposed dissertation will be structured in five chapters set out around the following topics: Introduction – Sets out the biography of Mary Borden in broad strokes, introduces the research questions and aim set out above and explains the choice to focus on Borden’s novels and memoirs because they more directly show the influence of the war on Borden’s consciousness and is less restricted by the mandatory commentary on form that poetry elicits. Borden and World War I – Borden’s memoir will be the foundation that a discussion around her opinions of the aristocracy and its influence on the coming and effects of the war is built. Borden and World War II – Debates the new ideas introduced by Borden that were not present in her writing on the great war and uses her other memoir to again research how her life at this stage influenced the thinking in her writing. The impact of war on Borden’s literary consciousness – Establishes the reason Mary Borden should be read as a war novelist because of her evolving consciousness in her novels regarding the causes and effects of war on society. Conclusion – Mary Borden was very much a novelist shaped by the two word wars and her own heritage strongly influenced her thinking around the impact the war had on herself and society at large. By structuring the dissertation in this manner – with the writing from each war in separate chapters the clarity of the argument will benefit in that it is easier to draw upon separate sources and build comprehensive profiles of how Borden wrote about the two wars. Once such profiles have been established, the fourth chapter can use these as the foundation of empirical evidence upon which to base a coherent exploration of the evolution of Borden’s war consciousness in her writing. This chapter will provide the opportunity for the author’s analytical skillset to be proven. Literature Review 2.1 Primary literature The two chapters on the world wars will use two of Borden’s memoirs as the foundation for arguing how Borden’s life influenced her work. The Forbidden Zone will be analysed for the chapter on World War I and Journey Down A Blind Alley will be used for World War II. Further, the chapter on WWI will centre upon three novels that present some of Borden’s central themes and a chronological scope of the war: The Romantic Woman is a story of aristocracy before the war, Sarah Defiant centres upon a love affair during the war and finally Jehova’s Day portrays England in the post-war period. Reference will also be made to Jericho Sands and A Woman With White Eyes. As Borden’s writing on war shifted in a more political direction around WWII, the analysis will not abide by a particular chronology in this chapter. The main texts are: You the Jury – setting the stage for the war and depicting it – The Hungry Leopard as a work containing Borden’s broader political and sociological points thoughts on the war era from 1937 to 54 and Margin of Error – a work concerned with colonialism and its role in the war. Other referenced works will include Catspaw and Passport for a Girl. 2.2 Secondary sources These will include a mixture of historical sources and literary criticism. Carol Acton’s theories set forth in Diverting the Gaze: The Unseen Text in Women’s War Writing will be used for some literary theory concerning women writing about war and the discussions on Borden’s life and memoirs will be substantially aided by Jane Conway’s – Borden’s biographer – work. Literary critics will include M. Higonnet, S. Ouditt,, F. Mort and T. Tate as they have all done substantial work concerning female writers of the war and their relationship to identity. Historical background will be works by B.A. Waites, M.L. Bush and B.W. Tuchman along with other sources yet to be identified. Methodology The approach will be independent analysis of the primary sources, using secondary sources primarily to argue against and some to support and provide background. Further sources will be identified by using Jane Conway’s the bibliographies of Conway and other sources already identified as well as web searches on databases such as JStor and Project Muse. Preliminary Bibliography 4.1 Primary literature Borden, M., 1929. The Forbidden Zone Borden, M., 1946. Journey Down A Blind Alley Borden, M., 1916. The Romantic Woman Borden, M., 1931. Sarah Defiant Borden, M., 1929. Jehova’s Day Borden, M., 1925. Jericho Sands Borden, M., 1930. A Woman With White Eyes Borden, M., 1952. You the Jury Borden, M. 1956. The Hungry Leopard Borden, M., 1954. Margin of Error Borden, M., 1950. Catspaw Borden, M., 1939. Passport for a Girl 4.2. Secondary sources Gubar, S., Gilbert, S.M. â€Å"The Madwoman in the Attic.† New Haven: Yale University. Heilbrun, C.G., Higonnet, M.R., 1983 The Representation of women in fiction. Vol. 7. Johns Hopkins University Press. Higonnet, M.R., 1987. Behind the lines: Gender and the two world wars. New Haven: Yale University Press. MacKay, M., 2010. Modernism and World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mort, F., 2006. â€Å"Scandalous Events: Metropolitan Culture and Moral Change in Post-Second World War London.† Representations 93.1 (2006): 106-137. Ouditt, S., 1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War. London: Routledge. Raitt, S., Tate, T., eds, 1997. Women’s fiction and the Great War. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Tate, T., 1998. Modernism, History and the First World War. Manchester: Manchester University Press. How to cite Two World Wars A Journey of Borden’s Fiction, Essay examples

New Venture Planning †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the New Venture Planning. Answer: Introduction: In the assignment, the interviewee reflects on the trajectory of a newly opened venture. The assignment explores the three major themes that bolster the foundation of the business. The assignment is composed in a story format. Therefore, the narrator delineates the themes in a reflective style. Despite being a student of Biotechnology, he showed an unflagging interest in launching start-ups. It is true he has applied my theoretical knowledge and carved out a unique business idea. Biotechnology gave him an impetus to introduce something new in the national market. He has deliberately chosen food processing industry, as it is a fledgling segment. The domain needs more experimental work. Bio Nosh is his brain-child and he always wanted to experiment with locally grown food stuffs. As we know, Indian farmers use chemical fertilizers that are detrimental to the growth of local supplies. Based on this conviction, he has outlined my business idea. He began to use organic materials that preserve the malleability and elasticity of the food. Hence, he came up with his start-up product Bio Nosh. Biotechnology gave him a driving force. At the same time, he has an unflagging interest to experiment with the locally grown food stuffs with an organic material. Agriculture is the back-bone of our nation. Doing something to improve the state of agrarian products can be really interesting. The startup Bio Nosh gave him this opportunity and he began to initiate organic farming in the regions of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Subsequently, this technology permeates the western part of India. He completed his post graduation in Biotechnology from the University of Delhi. He specialized in Bio Pharmacy and Genetic Science. After completing his post graduation in Biotechnology, he started to work with Ranbaxy pharmaceutical wing as a research assistant. His job location was in Bangalore, India. As a research assistant, he has gained a practical knowledge of pharmacy and cognitive science. His foundation became strong. During that time, he was brimming with start-up ideas, which he materialized after a couple of years. As far as business is concerned, his university friends became a big source of inspiration. During the university days, he used to toy with the notion of launching a start-up business. Another key person was Vijay Shekhar Sharma, the founder and CEO of paytm app. During the process, he has constantly been helped by two of his university professors. They were like a god-father to him and helped him with everything. They composed a letter of reference for him, which gave him an opportunity to gain a substantial grant from the CSIR-Himalayan Institute of Biotechnology for the completion of the project. Initially, he had only a bank loan that gave an impetus to start his business. Subsequently, his professors of the University of Delhi extended their helping hands. They composed a brilliant reference letter for him that helped him gain a substantial fund to spruce up the project. The start-up, Bio Nosh was his brain-child and he treated this project with utmost care. He has never imagined becoming Mark Zuckerberg or Bill Clinton. Their names are written in golden letters on the pages of global history. However, he has always tried to reach the top and promote his business to a high level. Before launching a start-up, he prepared himself well and browsed through management books that gave the idea of business orientation. Technically speaking, his enterprise witnesses an integration of theory and practical ken. Initially, he started the business alone with a substantial bank loan. Later, two of professors extended their helping hands. However, they are more like sleeping partners, as they are preoccupied with class lectures and tutorials. He is an active member and the CEO of Bio Nosh. Initially, he was assisted by four of college mates and a courier boy. The courier boy used to carry all the heavy materials and transferred them from one place to another. The courier boy is still with the organization. His friends went to the United Kingdom for higher studies. In 2014, the enterprise expanded and he hired 40-50 employees for his organization. At the same time, he opened a new branch at Saket, Delhi. Bio Nosh is headquartered at Noida, Uttar Pradesh. In 2013-14, the business began to expand and absorb many employees into its circuit. The organization has two branches, including headquarter in Noida. Gradually, the horizon of the business is expanding at a rapid pace. Firstly, the project is his brain-child and the growth is not thrust upon him. He has taken the initiative and adumbrated the business structure from the inception to its logical culmination. He countenanced many challenges like allocation of fund, disbursement of resources to the key areas and identifying potential threats to the business. As a small-scale business owner, he enjoyed the level of independence that was hitherto missing in my occupation. At the same time, socia l inclusiveness is another aspect that he experienced. The good times are when they receive recognition for the service they provide. Bio Nosh is like a pet subject to him. At Noida, they work as a team and face all troubles together. As such, they have not countenanced crises since the development of start-up. The challenge is related to fund allocation. He managed the problem with ease, as he has the backing of his professors. With the launching of a start-up, the business has gained a new dimension. The organization has two well-developed branches in the capital city, Delhi. It helps the farmer of North India to the hilt. The net turnover is $2.5 million for 2016-17. During the advanced stage, the professors helped him incessantly with funds and reference letters. They were like a messiah and added a shining feather to his cap. Being a new in the field, he see all startup companies as potential competitors. However, he admire the biotechnology startup Gelesis as the net worth of the company is pegged at $31,500,000 in 2015. (The compa ny was founded in 2014). The primary customers are agricultural specialist, farmers and agrarian market owners. With the passage of time, the demand of the agrarian market has been increasing apace. The lab technicians and bio-specialists browse through various sources and develop new technology that revitalizes the farming patterns. Being a modern start-up venture, social media marketing is used incessantly to promote the business. Initially, his friends and colleagues helped him with strategy making ideas. Besides, he is an avid reader and glean information from the textbooks of Oliver Gassman (2015) and Jeffrey H. Dyer (2013). The role remained the same. The only change he perceives is has become more responsible towards his duties. Absolutely yes. He sill enjoys being an entrepreneur and constant learning keeps him motivated. He works strenuously only during the time of peak season. In the lean season, he enjoys holiday with my family. His wife is a student of Business management. They often discuss many things about business over a steaming cup of coffee. He derives guiding principles from the books of business management by Kenneth E Everard and Steven Langman. It is indispensable to read important textbooks of management and outline a fresh business trajectory. He does not take pride in the fact that he launched an exciting start-up. He believes that each one of them is an entrepreneur and work as a team. Moreover, he is still in the learning phase of entrepreneurship. Conclusion: His key objective is to establish my enterprise on a solid footing. He aims to expand the contours of his business. It is based in New Delhi now. He has plans to establish offices in Western and Eastern metropolitan cities. He aims to take his business to the foreign locations like Tokyo and New York. Absolutely yes. One should have a clear cognizance of the future. He wants to see himself working as a co-partner of any multinational biotech start-ups. It is his long cherished dream. Business and personal achievement are inseparable. He wants to achieve new feats, as far as successful career is concerned. For the time being, he is not considering another business option. It is like building a resplendent castle in the sky. Three wishes would be wealth, prosperity and well-being of the farming nation. It was an awesome ordeal to meeting such a kind and responsive individual who finished up with passing on his all the best.

Explore the presentation of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay Example

Explore the presentation of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Paper Iago is one of the most central and many-layered of Shakespeares villains, though he is also the subject of some controversy. Has Shakespeare created a motiveless malignity, as Coleridge suggested (Shakespearean Criticism, 1960), or is Iago deeper and more destructively sharp and vindictive? Shakespeare presents a deep-rooted paradox within Iago his single-minded conviction and confidence alongside an uncertainty of motive. Iagos importance and his role as Othellos poisoner is perhaps the first thing to consider. Is he simply a catalyst, aiding the inevitable, or does he deliberately orchestrate Othellos end on his own? The duality of Iago is also a vital device used by Shakespeare to illustrate his character Iago is such a gifted actor that no other character even has the opportunity to suspect that he is dishonest. The juxtapositioning of honesty and lies, good and evil, jealousy and trust, are also key techniques employed by Shakespeare to demonstrate Iagos power. The depth of both Shakespeares and Iagos language and use of imagery and extended metaphor is also suggestive of how layered the character is. It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to fathom Shakespeares original intentions for Iago. What must be noted is how different he is from the character in the tale by Cinthio from which Othello was drawn. The Ensign is given a name and much more subtlety than in the original story. The motives and reasoning behind Iagos actions are also key to the movement of the plot. His role as a many-faceted representation of the evils in humanity makes him a fascinating device vital to the sense of tragedy and inevitability that surrounds the play. The importance of Iago is something that must first be examined when considering his character. We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the presentation of Iago in Shakespeares Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the presentation of Iago in Shakespeares Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the presentation of Iago in Shakespeares Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All of Shakespeares characters are constructs, but there is some question as to what Iagos role actually is, and how important he is to the storyline. It has been suggested that Iago merely induces what would have happened to Othello anyway. Brabantios ominous words in I. 3 are a herald to what may come, and have nothing whatsoever to do with Iago. He warns Othello that Desdemona has deceived her father, and may you. Perhaps it was such comments that drove Othello to his demise, and would have done so even in Iagos absence. However, Shakespeares emphasis on Iago and the thick irony surrounding him suggest that he is much more that just a catalyst. Several times in the first act he is called honest Iago, and then referred to by Othello as a man of honesty and trust (I. 3). This use of dramatic irony draws attention to the character, as the audience already know that Iago harbours a strong hatred for Othello. Emphasis is placed on this by way of Iagos soliloquies. He is the only character to have several asides, which is unusual as it is usually the central character that requires these. They are necessary in Iagos case because the audience needs an insight into the workings of Iagos mind. Shakespeare could be showing Iagos vital role if it were not for his complete skills in deceiving the other characters, Othello would not believe that his wife could be adulterous. Iago himself says that because Othello trusts him so well, the better shall [his] purpose work on him. He also says that the Moor is of a free and open nature, suggesting that without Iago, Othello would have no reason to doubt Desdemonas faithfulness as he takes things at face value. Iagos relationship with Roderigo must also be noted. Roderigo clearly would not have attempted to pursue Desdemona without Iago suggesting this. However, whether this is the case with Othello is under some doubt. Iagos importance largely depends on the audiences perception of Othello. If the audience sympathises with the Moor and believes him to have been cruelly deceived through no fault of his own, then Iago is clearly to blame for his downfall. If, however, the audience believes that Othellos undoubted faith in Iago is foolish, then they might choose to think that it was Othellos character flaw, not Iagos deception, which is at fault. The duality of Iagos character is what makes Othellos downfall possible and all the more poignant. He is a complete deceiver an actor who manipulates everyone around him entirely so that the truth is hidden beneath many layers of different lies. Even the audience, who have a particularly close relationship with Iago through his soliloquies, may be unsure as to exactly what the truth is and what simply suits Iago at the moment he says it. His obscurity and rapidly changing fai ades mean that Iagos real self is difficult to discern. The fact that no one even suspects that Iago is dishonest, and even believe him over other characters, is vital to the plot. Usually, Iago does not simple push other characters into courses of action they would have taken anyway, but reshapes their perceptions so that they believe things that are not remotely true. He swears to Roderigo that he will enjoy Desdemona the next night following (IV. 2), even though Desdemona has no interest in him. This is an example of Iagos absolute manipulation skills. Iago is the closest character to the audience, and this in itself represents how two-sided he is. Shakespeare, as a dramatist, would clearly be closely involved in the production of a play, and may have been alluding to the lie of an actor through Iago playing different roles, forever switching between performances and displaying another facet that is at once separate to and at one with them. It also should be noted, from a dramatic point of view, that the character of Desdemona must be played to perfection for the deception of Iago to succeed. If Desdemona appears to be flawed and unchaste, as Iago suggests, the real tragic power of the play may be lost. The move to Cyprus also presents another side of Iago. In Venice, he was skulking in shadows and calling up at windows, while in Cyprus, he seems free to observe and destroy without hindrance. Shakespeare presents a kind of uncertainty within Iago, and the playwrights motives for him are unclear. Is it true that Othello has done [Iagos] office twixt [his] sheets, or has Iago convinced himself of this to give himself a motive? It could be that Shakespeare intends Iago to be motiveless no more than a construct to represent the unfathomable evil that is inside every human. Although Iago proclaims I do hate [Othello] as I do hell-pains, we are never given a clear reason why. If Shakespeare is using him as a general symbol of evil, it may be that he did not want him to have a reason; it does not matter why, only that his hatred is so strong, so powerful, and so extreme, that it is all that is driving him. In some ways, a motiveless evil is more frightening and more powerful than one with a reason. However, it is also possible that Iago is a many-layered creation, and as such has multiple motives. Primarily, it could be said that Iago is driven by jealousy stronger and more general jealousy than Othellos, and perhaps this helps him to feed the Moors obsession. At first, Iago is a typical stage villain, delighting in the destruction of character he is bringing about simply for sport and profit. Later, though, he demonstrates his envy of something he believes he can never attain the daily beauty that Cassio possesses. He believes himself to be ugly, and it is possible that something primitive and instinctive inside him is transforming his shame into vindictive malice. Anger about his low position could also drive him he feels he has been denied his right to lieutenancy by a Florentine almost damned in fair wife. The way that Shakespeare provides many different motives for Iago could be a technique to confuse the audience and demonstrate that Iagos deception extends to everyone, possibly even himself. Metaphors and imagery run deep in Othello, and some would say the characters themselves are nothing but metaphors for aspects of the human condition. Taking this view, Iago would be the selfishness and spite that most people possess but usually do not act upon. Interesting, then, are Roderigos final words: O inhuman dog! Is Roderigo wrong in calling Iago inhuman, when surely all humans possess the characteristics Iago displays? Perhaps what makes us human, and better than animals, is that we possess these feelings and flaws but do not act upon them we have restraint. This presents a sharp paradox what makes us human is restraint, but by suppressing ourselves we are denying the very emotions that make us different from animals. In Iagos speeches, the imagery he uses often involves animals beast, old black ram, hot as goats, prime as monkeys and this technique could be employed to demonstrate Iagos carnal side. He does not behave civilly and reasonably as a human would, but acts on primal instinct to get what he wants without thinking of others, like an animal. He also refers to plants when speaking, using the analogy of roots to describe how Cassio supposedly kissed him, he speaks of how neither poppy nor mandragora will cure Othello, and uses a continued metaphor of a garden when talking to Roderigo (I. ). This choice of words conjures up images of crawling roots and plants spreading out among the characters of the play. These roots could symbolise the influence of Iago how he has managed to affect everyone around him. He changes the way others speak for example, when he talks to Othello, the Moors response is simple Ha, I like not that. Iagos intelligence and sharpness of wit cannot be matched by the other characters, except perhaps Desdemona. A further motif used throughout the play is that of perception, eyes and seeing. This could be linked to the stereotypes Iago seems to so enjoy fuelling. Prejudices and stereotypes are representative of the common eyes that people use to look at someone or something. In the play, the common prejudice is that Othello, as a Moor, is evil and animalistic. Iago feeds this, but it is then shown to be untrue. Iago then seems to reintroduce the stereotype and play on the judgements people make. Iago himself is an exercise in contradiction and juxtaposition. He says one thing and means another, appears one way and then shows he is not at all like that. In Act II. 1, Shakespeare presents an exchange between Desdemona and Iago that serves to create a paradox Desdemona is the epitome of all that is good in humanity, while Iago is a device employed to display all the more undesirable characteristics. Desdemona plays a truly innocent and faithful wife while Iago claims that all women are Saints in [their] injuries, devils being offended. And yet, Iago is still deferential and still addresses her as gentle lady. Desdemona calls him fool, but his behaviour elsewhere would suggest that he is anything but. His marriage to Emilia is also worthy of analysis. Although he feels that she obeys him he speaks harshly and cruelly to her, calling her a good wench, snapping at her while she only tries to please him at the end, when she realises his true nature, she refuses to defend him. It is possible that Iago cannot manipulate women as well as he would like to. In this play, women are seen as the only honest creatures, and it is Emilia who finally reveals Iagos deception, and Desdemona who dies without defending herself, still deeply in love with her husband. The fact that Iago does not truly understand all the facets of women is really his downfall. The final scene also presents us with new contradictions. Previously, Iagos power was in his well-chosen words. Now, however, he says nothing, claiming that from this time forth, I never will speak word. Despite this, he still seems to dominate the exchange; he is the only one who knows everything that has happened, and he is now almost the sole topic of conversation. He is referred to, strangely, as a Spartan dog (V. 2), which seems to be a strange paradox. The Spartans were a proud, brave and terrible people, while dog implies a lowly, fearful, evil creature. It is possible that his bravery, cunning and maliciousness matches the Spartans, while he darker, subtler side is that of a dog. Iago is possibly what makes Othello so different from other Shakespearean tragedies. While every other tragic hero inevitably falls because of one fatal flaw, in Othello there is still a what if? remaining. What if Iago is taken out of the picture? Would the Generals demise have been so sudden and striking? Would it have happened at all? Iago is an instrumental plot device, the key to the poignancy of the tragedy. In Iago, Shakespeare has created an absolute villain, one that the audience perhaps cannot feel sympathy for. In some ways, this is because he is so utterly callous and inhuman that the audience cannot comprehend his motives. And yet, there is always the dark uncertainty that the reason Iago is so powerfully evil is because he represents all the envy, desire and malignity that every human possesses.

Why did new and more aggressive movements to achieve racial essays

Why did new and more aggressive movements to achieve racial essays As early as 1909, the black community in America started to feel that they deserved racial equality, when they set up the NAACP, with the intention of using the law to obtain more favourable challenges to segregation in the courts. Nevertheless, little had been achieve by the 1940s besides increased membership. The NAACPs demands were quite modest, they wished to outlaw lynching, achieve voter registration and make Roosevelts Fair Employment Practises Committee a permanent institution. Even though the NAACP had Truman on their side, he was met with a great deal of opposition in Congress, leading him to backpedal on the civil rights issue. The NAACP, felt that they should use more calm methods to try and achieve their goals and went to court quite a few times to ensure that what was outlined in the 14th and 15th amendments were carried out. The NAACP made progress in the 1950s in two cases Henderson vs US and McLaurin vs Board of Regents. Even though their actions were morally cor rect, going though Congress to try and achieve desegregation was never going to accomplish much, especially considering that they had a very limited amount of publicity. Even though laws had been implemented lynching still occurred, the black community were still faced with a great deal of hostility and they had not truly achieve much in the terms of desegregation. This spurred on what may now be deemed as civil disobedience, and more aggressive actions to those that had previously been taken. The black community adopted new methods to try and achieve desegregation such as; sit ins (not only in buses which had been done by Rosa Parks in 1955) to publicly protesting in Woolworths in Greensboro, North Carolina. These series of events led to other foundations being formed such as the SCLC and the SNCC. Their ability to achieve a great deal of change was limited, and led to a considerably greater violence in the 1960s. ...